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Table of Contents
  • No. 1. Saturday, 15 April 1758.
  • No. 2. Saturday, 22 April 1758.
  • No. 3. Saturday, 29 April 1758.
  • No. 4. Saturday, 6 May 1758.
  • No. 5. Saturday, 13 May 1758.
  • No. 6. Saturday, 20 May 1758.
  • No. 7. Saturday, 27 May 1758.
  • No. 8. Saturday, 3 June 1758.
  • [Letter to Idler]
  • No. 9. Saturday, 10 June 1758.
  • No. 10. Saturday, 17 June 1758.
  • No. 11. Saturday, 24 June 1758.
  • No. 12. Saturday, 1 July 1758.
  • No. 13. Saturday, 8 July 1758.
  • No. 14. Saturday, 15 July 1758.
  • No. 15. Saturday, 22 July 1758.
  • No. 16. Saturday, 29 July 1758.
  • No. 17. Saturday, 5 August 1758.
  • No. 18. Saturday, 12 August 1758.
  • No. 19. Saturday, 19 August 1758.
  • No. 20. Saturday, 26 August 1758.
  • No. 21. Saturday, 2 September 1758.
  • No. 22. Saturday, 16 September 1758.
  • No. 23. Saturday, 23 September 1758.
  • No. 24. Saturday, 30 September 1758.
  • [Letter to Idler]
  • No. 25. Saturday, 7 October 1758.
  • No. 26. Saturday, 14 October 1758.
  • No. 27. Saturday, 21 October 1758.
  • [Letter to Idler]
  • [Letter to Idler]
  • [Letter to Idler]
  • No. 28. Saturday, 28 October 1758.
  • No. 29. Saturday, 4 November 1758.
  • No. 30. Saturday, 11 November 1758.
  • No. 31. Saturday, 18 November 1758.
  • No. 32. Saturday, 25 November 1758.
  • [Letter to Idler]
  • No. 33. Saturday, 2 December 1758.
  • No. 34. Saturday, 9 December 1758.
  • No. 35. Saturday, 16 December 1758.
  • No. 36. Saturday, 23 December 1758.
  • No. 37. Saturday, 30 December 1758.
  • No. 38. Saturday, 6 January 1759.
  • No. 39. Saturday, 13 January 1759.
  • No. 40. Saturday, 20 January 1759.
  • [Letter to Idler]
  • No. 41. Saturday, 27 January 1759.
  • [Letter from Perdita]
  • No. 42. Saturday, 3 February 1759.
  • No. 43. Saturday, 10 February 1759.
  • No. 44. Saturday, 17 February 1759.
  • No. 45. Saturday, 24 February 1759.
  • No. 46. Saturday, 3 March 1759.
  • No. 47. Saturday, 10 March 1759.
  • No. 48. Saturday, 17 March 1759.
  • No. 49. Saturday, 24 March 1759.
  • No. 50. Saturday, 31 March 1759.
  • No. 51. Saturday, 7 April 1759.
  • No. 52. Saturday, 14 April 1759.
  • No. 53. Saturday, 21 April 1759.
  • No. 54. Saturday, 28 April 1759.
  • No. 55. Saturday, 5 May 1759.
  • No. 56. Saturday, 12 May 1759.
  • No. 57. Saturday, 19 May 1759.
  • No. 58. Saturday, 26 May 1759.
  • No. 59. Saturday, 2 June 1759.
  • No. 60. Saturday, 9 June 1759.
  • No. 61. Saturday, 16 June 1759.
  • No. 62. Saturday, 23 June 1759.
  • No. 63. Saturday, 30 June 1759.
  • No. 64. Saturday, 7 July 1759.
  • No. 65. Saturday, 14 July 1759.
  • No. 66. Saturday, 21 July 1759.
  • No. 67. Saturday, 28 July 1759.
  • No. 68. Saturday, 4 August 1759.
  • No. 69. Saturday, 11 August 1759.
  • No. 70. Saturday, 18 August 1759.
  • No. 71. Saturday, 25 August 1759.
  • No. 72. Saturday, 1 September 1759.
  • No. 73. Saturday, 8 September 1759.
  • No. 74. Saturday, 15 September 1759.
  • No. 75. Saturday, 22 September 1759.
  • No. 76. Saturday, 29 September 1759.
  • No. 77. Saturday, 6 October 1759.
  • No. 78. Saturday, 13 October 1759.
  • No. 79. Saturday, 20 October 1759.
  • No. 80. Saturday, 27 October 1759.
  • No. 81. Saturday, 3 November 1759.
  • No. 82. Saturday, 10 November 1759.
  • No. 83. Saturday, 17 November 1759.
  • No. 84. Saturday, 24 November 1759.
  • No. 85. Saturday, 1 December 1759.
  • No. 86. Saturday, 8 December 1759.
  • No. 87. Saturday, 15 December 1759.
  • No. 88. Saturday, 22 December 1759.
  • No. 89. Saturday, 29 December 1759.
  • No. 90. Saturday, 5 January 1760.
  • No. 91. Saturday, 12 January 1760.
  • No. 92. Saturday, 19 January 1760.
  • No. 93. Saturday, 26 January 1760.
  • No. 94. Saturday, 2 February 1760.
  • No. 95. Saturday, 9 February 1760.
  • No. 96. Saturday, 16 February 1760.
  • No. 97. Saturday, 23 February 1760.
  • No. 98. Saturday, 1 March 1760.
  • No. 99. Saturday, 8 March 1760.
  • No. 100. Saturday, 15 March 1760.
  • No. 101. Saturday, 22 March 1760.
  • No. 102. Saturday, 29 March 1760.
  • No. 103. Saturday, 5 April 1760.
  • No. 22. Saturday, 9 September 1758.
  • THE IDLER
  • No. 34. Saturday, 3 March 1753.
  • No. 39. Tuesday, 20 March 1753.
  • No. 41. Tuesday, 27 March 1753.
  • No. 45. Tuesday, 10 April 1753.
  • No. 50. Saturday, 28 April 1753.
  • No. 53. Tuesday, 8 May 1753.
  • No. 58. Saturday, 26 May 1753.
  • No. 62. Saturday, 9 June 1753.
  • No. 67. Tuesday, 26 June 1753.
  • No. 69. Tuesday, 3 July 1753.
  • No. 74. Saturday, 21 July 1753.
  • No. 81. Tuesday, 14 August 1753.
  • No. 84. Saturday, 25 August 1753.
  • No. 85. Tuesday, 28 August 1753.
  • No. 92. Saturday, 22 September 1753.
  • No. 95. Tuesday, 2 October 1753.
  • No. 99. Tuesday, 16 October 1753.
  • No. 102. Saturday, 27 October 1753.
  • No. 107. Tuesday, 13 November 1753.
  • No. 108. Saturday, 17 November 1753.
  • No. 111. Tuesday, 27 November 1753.
  • No. 115. Tuesday, 11 December 1753.
  • No. 119. Tuesday, 25 December 1753.
  • No. 120. Saturday, 29 December 1753.
  • No. 126. Saturday, 19 January 1754.
  • No. 128. Saturday, 26 January 1754.
  • No. 131. Tuesday, 5 February 1754.
  • No. 137. Tuesday, 26 February 1754.
  • No. 138. Saturday, 2 March 1754.
  • THE ADVENTURER
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No. 32. Saturday, 25 November 1758.
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By Johnson, Samuel

Samuel Johnson: The Idler and The Adventurer

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No. 32. Saturday, 25 November 1758.
Among the innumerable mortifications that waylay human arrogance on every side may well be reckoned our ignorance of the most common objects and effects, a defect of which we become more sensible by every attempt to supply it. Vulgar and inactive minds confound familiarity with knowledge, and conceive themselves informed of the whole nature of things when they are shewn their form or told their use; but the speculatist, who is not content with superficial views, harrasses himself with fruitless curiosity, and still as he enquires more perceives only that he knows less.
Sleep is a state in which a great part of every life is passed. No animal has been yet discovered, whose existence is not varied with intervals of insensibility; and some late philosophers have extended the empire of sleep over the vegetable world.


Page 99

Yet of this change so frequent, so great, so general, and so necessary, no searcher has yet found either the efficient or final cause; or can tell by what power the mind and body are thus chained down in irresistible stupefaction; or what benefits the animal receives from this alternate suspension of its active powers.
Whatever may be the multiplicity or contrariety of opinions upon this subject, nature has taken sufficient care that theory shall have little influence on practice. The most diligent enquirer is not able long to keep his eyes open; the most eager disputant will begin about midnight to desert his argument, and once in four and twenty hours, the gay and the gloomy, the witty and the dull, the clamorous and the silent, the busy and the idle, are all overpowered by the gentle tyrant, and all lie down in the equality of sleep.
Philosophy has often attempted to repress insolence by asserting that all conditions are levelled by death;1 a position which, however it may deject the happy, will seldom afford much comfort to the wretched. It is far more pleasing to consider that sleep is equally a leveller with death; that the time is never at a great distance, when the balm of rest shall be effused alike upon every head, when the diversities of life shall stop their operation, and the high and the low shall lie down together.2
It is somewhere recorded of Alexander, that in the pride of conquests, and intoxication of flattery, he declared that he only perceived himself to be a man by the necessity of sleep.3 Whether he considered sleep as necessary to his mind or body


Page 100

it was indeed a sufficient evidence of human infirmity; the body which required such frequency of renovation gave but faint promises of immortality; and the mind which, from time to time, sunk gladly into insensibility, had made no very near approaches to the felicity of the supreme and self-sufficient nature.
I know not what can tend more to repress all the passions that disturb the peace of the world, than the consideration that there is no height of happiness or honour, from which man does not eagerly descend to a state of unconscious repose; that the best condition of life is such, that we contentedly quit its good to be disentangled from its evils; that in a few hours splendour fades before the eye, and praise itself deadens in the ear; the senses withdraw from their objects, and reason favours the retreat.
What then are the hopes and prospects of covetousness, ambition and rapacity? Let him that desires most have all his desires gratified, he never shall attain a state, which he can, for a day and a night, contemplate with satisfaction, or from which, if he had the power of perpetual vigilance, he would not long for periodical separations.
All envy would be extinguished if it were universally known that there are none to be envied, and surely none can be much envied who are not pleased with themselves.4 There is reason to suspect that the distinctions of mankind have more shew than value, when it is found that all agree to be weary alike of pleasures and of cares, that the powerful and the weak, the celebrated and obscure, join in one common wish, and implore from nature's hand the nectar of oblivion.
Such is our desire of abstraction from ourselves, that very few are satisfied with the quantity of stupefaction which the needs of the body force upon the mind. Alexander himself added intemperance to sleep, and solaced with the fumes of wine the sovereignty of the world. And almost every man has


Page 101

some art, by which he steals his thoughts away from his present state.5
It is not much of life that is spent in close attention to any important duty. Many hours of every day are suffered to fly away without any traces left upon the intellects. We suffer phantoms to rise up before us, and amuse ourselves with the dance of airy images, which after a time we dismiss for ever, and know not how we have been busied.
Many have no happier moments than those that they pass in solitude, abandoned to their own imagination, which sometimes puts sceptres in their hands or mitres on their heads, shifts the scene of pleasure with endless variety, bids all the forms of beauty sparkle before them, and gluts them with every change of visionary luxury.
It is easy in these semi-slumbers to collect all the possibilities of happiness, to alter the course of the sun, to bring back the past, and anticipate the future, to unite all the beauties of all seasons, and all the blessings of all climates, to receive and bestow felicity, and forget that misery is the lot of man. All this is a voluntary dream, a temporary recession from the realities of life to airy fictions; anda habitual subjection of reason to fancy.
Others are afraid to be alone, and amuse themselves by a perpetual succession of companions, but the difference is not great, in solitude we have our dreams to ourselves, and in company we agree to dream in concert. The end sought in both is forgetfulness of ourselves.
Editorial Notes
1 Whatever other expressions of this commonplace he has in mind, Johnson, who planned a new critical edition of Claudian (Life, Iv.381), is certainly thinking of “Omnia mors aequat” (De raptu Proserpinae, II. 302).
2 Aristotle, Nichomachean Ethics, I.13.
3 Plutarch, “Alexander,” XXII.3-4. On the other hand, Plutarch emphasizes that Alexander was far less given to drink than was commonly supposed. Johnson's remarks about Alexander's intemperance, here and in par. 10, are probably based on Quintus Curtius (see Idler 51, n. 2).
4 Cf. Idler 50 (page 157), Rambler 17 (Yale III.93-94), and Rasselas, ch. 16 (Yale XVI.66).
5 Cf. Adventurer 39 (pages 347-348).
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Document Details
Document TitleNo. 32. Saturday, 25 November 1758.
AuthorJohnson, Samuel
Creation Date1758
Publ. Date1758 Nov 25
Alt. TitleSleep
Contrib. AuthorN/A
ClassificationGenre: Periodical Essay; Subject: Sleep; Subject: Alexander the Great
PrinterN/A
PublisherJ. Payne
Publ. PlaceLondon
VolumeSamuel Johnson: The Idler and The Adventurer
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